A radiopharmaceutical is a medication that may be used for both diagnosis and treatment. This is a unique type of medicine that combines a radioactive molecule with a radioactive molecule. A radioactive isotope is used in radiopharmaceuticals. Radioisotopes attach to biological molecules that can be used to target specific organs, tissues, or cells in the body. These radioactive medications can be used for illness diagnosis and, in certain cases, treatment. The use of radiopharmaceuticals in clinical practise is quickly rising, providing the medical community with more specific knowledge and information about the features of various types of malignancies.

• High objective: non-objective acceptance ratio
• Toxicity

Cancer Therapeutics aims to address the challenges of tumour heterogeneity, cancer development, and drug resistance by utilising a growing number of technologies available to doctors in the treatment of this illness. It has gone through a paradigm shift away from classic cytotoxic medications and toward targeting proteins that are fundamental to the cancer phenotype. The discovery and development of HSP90 inhibitors has been sought by cancer therapies as a means of avoiding or overcoming medication resistance. All anticancer drugs work by inhibiting cell growth or normal function, DNA synthesis, and RNA and protein metabolite blocking or alteration.

• Cancer stem cells
• Kinase inhibitors
• Personalised medicine
• Protein–protein interactions

Neuroradiology focuses on the use of neuroimaging methods and radiology to analyse and characterise disorders of the peripheral and central nervous systems, spine, and head and neck. The enhancement of MR imaging of brain and spinal cord neoplasms is one of the most recent advancements in the research domains of Neuroradiology. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are two important imaging techniques. Individuals in the paediatric population utilise ultrasound and plain radiography on a limited basis and in restricted circumstances. Neuro oncology refers to a variety of malignant neurologic illnesses, including astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumours, as well as brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are extremely hazardous and life-threatening.

• Clinical radiation oncology
• Radioactive compounds in neuroimaging
• Molecular radiation oncology
• Cellular radiation oncology
• Palliative radiotherapy in neuro oncology

Radiotherapy is a sort of cancer treatment that use high energy beams to destroy cancer cells. X-rays are commonly employed, although protons or other sources of energy can also be used. Radiation therapy is a type of treatment that employs radiation waves such as light or heat to treat cancers and other tumours and diseases. It causes harm to cells by damaging the genetic material that regulates cell growth and division. Chemotherapy is a medicinal treatment that employs strong chemicals to destroy fast-growing cells in your body. It is most commonly used to treat cancer since cancer cells grow and multiply considerably faster than most cells in the body.

• Adjuvant therapy
• External beam radiation therapy
• Radiation oncology
• Chemotherapy regimen

Nursing is a health-care profession that focuses on providing care to individuals and societies so that they can achieve, maintain, or improve their well-being and quality of life. Nurses develop a care plan in partnership with doctors, therapists, the patient, the patient's family, and other members of the organisation that focuses on treating the condition and improving the patient's quality of life. An oncology nurse is a nurse who specialises in treating cancer patients. Oncology nursing care is described as meeting the different requirements of oncology patients throughout their disease, including sufficient screening and other preventative procedures, symptom management, care to preserve the best possible level of normal functioning, and end-of-life measures of support.

• Chemotherapy and biotherapy
• Nursing Informatics

In both health and sickness, magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess the anatomy and physiology of the body. MRI scanners generate images of the organs in the body using strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves, and are based on sophisticated technology that excites and detects changes in the direction of the rotational axis of protons found in the water that makes up living tissues. It can be used to diagnose or track the progress of treatment for a number of chest, abdominal, and pelvic diseases.

• Tumor Heterogeneity
• Inter- intra tumour heterogeneity
• Claustrophobia
• Ionizing radiation of x-rays

Cancer cells develop incessantly, producing solid tumours or infiltrating the bloodstream with aberrant cells. Cell biology includes both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and may be broken down into a variety of sub-topics, such as cell metabolism, cell communication, cell cycle, biochemistry, and cell composition. The human body is made up of cells, which are the simplest and smallest units of life. Cell biology is the scientific study of cells. A tumour is a mass formed by certain cells. Cancer Biomarkers, also known as molecular markers, are biological molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as genes and processes like as apoptosis and proliferation that may be used to identify a disease, condition, or other anomalies in the body.

• Cancerous cells
• Cell lung cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Benign tumor

Medical imaging is the technique of creating a visual portrayal of the interior of a body for medical intervention and clinical analysis, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues, to make it possible to identify abnormalities. It is also the technique of creating a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Imaging for therapeutic purposes is managed by a team of radiologists, radiographers, sonographers, medicinal physicists, biomedical designers, and other support professionals who work together to improve the well-being of patients one by one. The proper use of medical imaging necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.

• Medical ultrasonography
• Radiography
• Biological imaging
• Endoscopy

Cancer pharmacology is a peer-reviewed medical journal that focuses on the basic mechanisms of signal transduction involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis (cell programme death), the mechanisms of action of antineoplastic agents, the design and development of new drugs, and the basic mechanisms of DNA repair and cell damage tolerance. DNA and the development of gene therapy techniques the categorization and characterization of fundamental cell signalling pathways that establish targets for chemicals used in cancer therapy, as well as DNA destruction and repair mechanisms that offer resistance to antineoplastic medicines, are of critical importance.

• Proto-oncogenes
• Gene therapy

Cancer research and study to identify causes and create advanced prevention, inhibition, diagnostic, medicine, therapies, and cure options. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and integrated therapy, as well as therapeutic methods such as chemo-radiotherapy and radiotherapy, are among the uses. Cancer prevention is a strategy for lowering the chance of developing cancer. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to known cancer-causing chemicals, and using cancer-prevention drugs or vaccinations are all examples of this.

• Weight loss
• Alcohol consumption

Interventional radiology, also known as vascular and interventional radiology (VIR), is a medical specialty that provides minimally invasive image-guided diagnosis and treatment of disease procedures using medical imaging guidance, such as x-ray fluoroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound. Although interventional radiologists undertake a wide range of treatments, the common thread running through them all is the use of image guidance and minimally invasive approaches to reduce patient risk.

• Carpal tunnel ultrasound and injection
• Image-guided liver biopsy
• Bursal injection